Over the recent years the development of digital media technology has had an effect on both the music industry and its audience.
It could be argued that the digital media has had a negative effect on the music industry, the more the internet offers the audience the more they begin to take advantage. Piracy is a massive issue in the music industry as it means the audience get the music for free, thus meaning the music industry loses out on money. Napster's music industry website shows a comparison from 1999 to 2009. In 1999 the music industry made $14.6 billion overall, yet in 2009 the music industry made only $6.3 billion, this shows a cut in over half the amount grossed in only 10 years.
On the other hand, piracy can be seen as a positive for the music industry, as a recent study by arstechnica (a company that focuses on media such as apple, gadgets and gaming) shows. The study suggests that people who use P2P to get some illegal music actually end up spending more on sites like Itunes than the average non P2P user. So can piracy really be seen as a negative to the music industry if the people using it actually spend more than those who don't?
Another arguement for the music industry that the digital media has positive effects on the music industry, such as the amount of opportunities given to publicise artists. Facebook, Twitter, Itunes and Youtube, all of these sites have millions of viewers each day, so advertising artists is made easier and reaches out to a lot of people.
Audiences could gain a positive effect from digital media's development, such as infinate access to all their favourite artists. With websites like Youtube and P2P sharing fans can gain access to music for free and are exposed to a wider variety of music than just the CD's you may see in the shops, and free access to music is a positive.
In conclusion, I believe that digital media technology is a positive thing as it makes it easier for audiences to listen to music as a whole and even if there is some piracy, the music industry can make up for it with advertising to millions via digital technology.
Thursday, 24 November 2011
Tuesday, 22 November 2011
How is Ethnicity represented in this extract from Hotel Babylon?
Ethnicity is represented in a number of ways using micro elements throughout this clip, firstly with sound.
Sound is used to represent the french maid, diegetic sound is used when the maid say ''He pays double, for double.'' This makes the french maid seem sexualised, which is one of the parts to Alvarado's theory. Consequently, this conforms to the stereotype of french women being easy.
Diegetic sound is used again in the conversation between the black males, when they use the words ''Blud'' and ''Bro.'' This use of colloquial terms suggests unity between the two and their community, this is another part to Alvarado's theory.
Ethnicity is also represented with cinematography, using the positioning of the Japanese man. He is placed in the centre of the shot so the audience is drawn to him, he is also wearing a dressing gown. The dressing gown is a costume, which is an example of mise en scene. This combination of cinematography and mise en scene make the japanese man seem sexualised, which is a racial stereotype.
Positioning is used when the Italian and Englishman are standing opposite eachother, the rule of thirds is applied to this scene. The two males heads are placed in the top left and top right or the screen, and the two of them opposite eachother is used to convey conflict. The Italian is also holding a meat cleaver, which makes him seem dangerous. Overall, this scene makes Italian men seem dangerous and in conflict with other races.
Sound is used to represent the french maid, diegetic sound is used when the maid say ''He pays double, for double.'' This makes the french maid seem sexualised, which is one of the parts to Alvarado's theory. Consequently, this conforms to the stereotype of french women being easy.
Diegetic sound is used again in the conversation between the black males, when they use the words ''Blud'' and ''Bro.'' This use of colloquial terms suggests unity between the two and their community, this is another part to Alvarado's theory.
Ethnicity is also represented with cinematography, using the positioning of the Japanese man. He is placed in the centre of the shot so the audience is drawn to him, he is also wearing a dressing gown. The dressing gown is a costume, which is an example of mise en scene. This combination of cinematography and mise en scene make the japanese man seem sexualised, which is a racial stereotype.
Positioning is used when the Italian and Englishman are standing opposite eachother, the rule of thirds is applied to this scene. The two males heads are placed in the top left and top right or the screen, and the two of them opposite eachother is used to convey conflict. The Italian is also holding a meat cleaver, which makes him seem dangerous. Overall, this scene makes Italian men seem dangerous and in conflict with other races.
Tuesday, 8 November 2011
Representation of Age G322
Throughout the clip age is represented in a variety of different ways, firstly through
cinematography.
The main person in the clip is made to look young, we see an over the shoulder shot, over the shoulder of the man looking at the older prison guard, this connotes that the older woman is authoritative, which is a stereotype of older people. This also makes the man seem vulnerable as he’s gone over to the guard, this is a negative stereotype of young people. We then have an extreme close up of his face where he looks worried, this suggests that he feels weak and insecure there, another stereotype of young people. The man then gets stopped by a bigger and older man, a mid-long shot is used and we can see the rule of thirds in use, the bigger man is on the right. This makes the main man seem small and reinforces the idea of him being vulnerable. Whilst the man talks to the listener the camera pans behind the bed focused on him, this connotes that he is important and makes him look wise, this is a positive stereotype of older people.
Sounds also help to represent age, the bigger man asks the main man ‘What you in for, eh?’ This is diegetic sound and seems to intimidate the main man, making him once again seem vulnerable. Someone then tells him to say he ‘robbed a bank’, he believes this then goes and tells it to the listener who’s heard this kind of thing before. This makes the young man look naive, which is another stereotype of young people. Later in the clip a young police officer asks the older officer for help, this reinforces the stereotype of older people being wiser.
Sunday, 30 October 2011
Age Stereotypes
These 3 images of elderly people subvert to stereotypes of old people as they seem rebelious and dangerous.
These 3 images of elderly people conform to the stereotype of old people as they seem happy, harmless and clueless.
These 3 images of teenagers subvert to teenage stereotypes as they all look happy, wear colourful clothes, study and do what they're meant to do.
These 3 images of teenagers conform to stereotypes of teenagers because they wear hoodies, smoke and cause havoc.
These 3 babies conform to the stereotypes of infants as they look happy and cute.
Friday, 30 September 2011
Zodiac Essay Sam Lewsey
Zodiac follows conventions of the thriller genre in many ways, throughout this essay I’m going to outline all the ways in which Zodiac follows conventions.
Firstly we have the protagonist, this is conventional as most thrillers have a main protagonist who wants to fight the evil of the antagonist. On the other hand the protagonist is unconventional as he isn’t meant to be a protagonist, the police are investigating a case and he overhears whilst drawing a cartoon for the newspaper. He is also unconventional as protagonists are usually portrayed as being big, strong men that are cut out for taking on antagonists, whereas this protagonist is the complete opposite. The protagonist is represented as being a typical ‘nerd’, he draws cartoons, ‘like’s puzzles’ and is a ‘first class eagle scout’, these are verbal codes which indicate that he is a nerdy character.
Secondly we have the antagonist, Zodiac. Zodiac is a conventional thriller antagonist, he is a murderer and he keeps his identity hidden, this is the first enigma code. This forces the audience to ask questions, ‘who is zodiac?’ and ‘why is he killing people?’ creating intrigue. Whereas he could also be seen as unconventional, most killers don’t want to be caught, yet zodiac sends letters to the police, this may suggest he has quite an arrogant character type. These letters that Zodiac keeps sending are more enigma codes as the audience are intrigued and want to know what they mean. Zodiac is represented as a psychological manipulator, he doesn’t use strength to do what he does he uses knowledge, outwitting the investigators.
The setting is conventional for the thriller genre, the trailer starts of in darkness in the middle of no where, this creates an eerie atmosphere, gripping the audience. The sound in the background is a verbal code which aids this eerie atmosphere effect. The sound is also building suspense as it goes along, all the strange noises make the audience feel like they’re there in this dark, unknown area. Zodiac pulls out a gun and we have a close up of the gun in their hand, this is a visual code that is used to strike fear into the audience. The realism of the setting could also bring fear to the audience, as the trailer goes on we realise he’s killing people in San Francisco, this brings fear because we live in a busy city so its realistic.
Zodiac follows conventions of the thriller genre in many ways, throughout this essay I’m going to outline all the ways in which Zodiac follows conventions.
Firstly we have the protagonist, this is conventional as most thrillers have a main protagonist who wants to fight the evil of the antagonist. On the other hand the protagonist is unconventional as he isn’t meant to be a protagonist, the police are investigating a case and he overhears whilst drawing a cartoon for the newspaper. He is also unconventional as protagonists are usually portrayed as being big, strong men that are cut out for taking on antagonists, whereas this protagonist is the complete opposite. The protagonist is represented as being a typical ‘nerd’, he draws cartoons, ‘like’s puzzles’ and is a ‘first class eagle scout’, these are verbal codes which indicate that he is a nerdy character.
Secondly we have the antagonist, Zodiac. Zodiac is a conventional thriller antagonist, he is a murderer and he keeps his identity hidden, this is the first enigma code. This forces the audience to ask questions, ‘who is zodiac?’ and ‘why is he killing people?’ creating intrigue. Whereas he could also be seen as unconventional, most killers don’t want to be caught, yet zodiac sends letters to the police, this may suggest he has quite an arrogant character type. These letters that Zodiac keeps sending are more enigma codes as the audience are intrigued and want to know what they mean. Zodiac is represented as a psychological manipulator, he doesn’t use strength to do what he does he uses knowledge, outwitting the investigators.
The setting is conventional for the thriller genre, the trailer starts of in darkness in the middle of no where, this creates an eerie atmosphere, gripping the audience. The sound in the background is a verbal code which aids this eerie atmosphere effect. The sound is also building suspense as it goes along, all the strange noises make the audience feel like they’re there in this dark, unknown area. Zodiac pulls out a gun and we have a close up of the gun in their hand, this is a visual code that is used to strike fear into the audience. The realism of the setting could also bring fear to the audience, as the trailer goes on we realise he’s killing people in San Francisco, this brings fear because we live in a busy city so its realistic.
Kill Bill Volume 1 Essay Sam Lewsey
Throughout this sequence in volume 1 of Kill Bill we are exposed to a wide variety of camera movements, ranging from forward, backwards and panoramic tracking to horizontal panning.
The sequence starts with panoramic tracking, which gives a sense of wideness to the clip. Instead of following one subject it tracks across the back of the stage where we as the audience can see the band and the crowd, this makes the audience feel included. It then tracks to the underneath of the stairs where we see the main character and the camera movement changes to horizontal tracking.
In the horizontal tracking clip it tightens and focuses only on the main character, this points the whole of the audience’s attention towards her. The use of horizontal travelling follows the character at an eye level from the side, almost as if we are there witnessing this with our own eyes, once again making the audience feel included. It then travels behind the screen so we can’t completely see her anymore, adding the enigma code of mystery where the audience are made to question where she’s gone.
We then see a crane camera movement from a bird’s eye view, from here the main character is made to look small and vulnerable as we follow her around, making the audience feel powerful and all seeing.
Later we see tracking backwards from a pair of people whilst we wonder what’s happening and why we’re following these two people, then audience is forced to focus on these two people. As they begin to argue and the man seems to become nervous, we are once again presented with enigma codes, why are they arguing and why does the man seem nervous? This means that the audience’s attention is momentarily taken away from the main character leaving the audience curious.
The camera movement turns into horizontal panning and tracking as we split of from the previous subjects and move onto a new one, the woman dressed in black. Her clothing is part of the mise en scene and may have been used to represent the darkness that is about to overcome this lively room of people enjoying themselves. She is the only person so far that is dressed in black, which contrasts with all the bright colours everybody else is wearing.
Tracking back the camera then turns into a panoramic follow up, following the woman in black past the front of the crowd, reminding us of all the crowd having fun. Revisiting the panoramic shot the audience feeling included is re-enforced.
Finally, forward tracking is used to follow the woman down a narrow hallway back to where we left the character. The camera movement and sound builds suspense and keeps the audience engrossed in the scene.
The entire clip consists of just camera movement and no cutting or fading etc, this includes the audience as if we have been following everyone in the scene ourselves. This makes the experience as a whole seem more real and brings it to life.
Throughout this sequence in volume 1 of Kill Bill we are exposed to a wide variety of camera movements, ranging from forward, backwards and panoramic tracking to horizontal panning.
The sequence starts with panoramic tracking, which gives a sense of wideness to the clip. Instead of following one subject it tracks across the back of the stage where we as the audience can see the band and the crowd, this makes the audience feel included. It then tracks to the underneath of the stairs where we see the main character and the camera movement changes to horizontal tracking.
In the horizontal tracking clip it tightens and focuses only on the main character, this points the whole of the audience’s attention towards her. The use of horizontal travelling follows the character at an eye level from the side, almost as if we are there witnessing this with our own eyes, once again making the audience feel included. It then travels behind the screen so we can’t completely see her anymore, adding the enigma code of mystery where the audience are made to question where she’s gone.
We then see a crane camera movement from a bird’s eye view, from here the main character is made to look small and vulnerable as we follow her around, making the audience feel powerful and all seeing.
Later we see tracking backwards from a pair of people whilst we wonder what’s happening and why we’re following these two people, then audience is forced to focus on these two people. As they begin to argue and the man seems to become nervous, we are once again presented with enigma codes, why are they arguing and why does the man seem nervous? This means that the audience’s attention is momentarily taken away from the main character leaving the audience curious.
The camera movement turns into horizontal panning and tracking as we split of from the previous subjects and move onto a new one, the woman dressed in black. Her clothing is part of the mise en scene and may have been used to represent the darkness that is about to overcome this lively room of people enjoying themselves. She is the only person so far that is dressed in black, which contrasts with all the bright colours everybody else is wearing.
Tracking back the camera then turns into a panoramic follow up, following the woman in black past the front of the crowd, reminding us of all the crowd having fun. Revisiting the panoramic shot the audience feeling included is re-enforced.
Finally, forward tracking is used to follow the woman down a narrow hallway back to where we left the character. The camera movement and sound builds suspense and keeps the audience engrossed in the scene.
The entire clip consists of just camera movement and no cutting or fading etc, this includes the audience as if we have been following everyone in the scene ourselves. This makes the experience as a whole seem more real and brings it to life.
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