The significance of the effect of continuing development of digital media technology on audiences and institution.

Over the recent years the development of digital media technology has had an effect on both the music industry and its audience.

It could be argued that the digital media has had a negative effect on the music industry, the more the internet offers the audience the more they begin to take advantage. Piracy is a massive issue in the music industry as it means the audience get the music for free, thus meaning the music industry loses out on money. Napster's music industry website shows a comparison from 1999 to 2009. In 1999 the music industry made $14.6 billion overall, yet in 2009 the music industry made only $6.3 billion, this shows a cut in over half the amount grossed in only 10 years.

On the other hand, piracy can be seen as a positive for the music industry, as a recent study by arstechnica (a company that focuses on media such as apple, gadgets and gaming) shows. The study suggests that people who use P2P to get some illegal music actually end up spending more on sites like Itunes than the average non P2P user. So can piracy really be seen as a negative to the music industry if the people using it actually spend more than those who don't?

Another arguement for the music industry that the digital media has positive effects on the music industry, such as the amount of opportunities given to publicise artists. Facebook, Twitter, Itunes and Youtube, all of these sites   have millions of viewers each day, so advertising artists is made easier and reaches out to a lot of people.

Audiences could gain a positive effect from digital media's development, such as infinate access to all their favourite artists. With websites like Youtube and P2P sharing fans can gain access to music for free and are exposed to a wider variety of music than just the CD's you may see in the shops, and free access to music is a positive.

In conclusion, I believe that digital media technology is a positive thing as it makes it easier for audiences to listen to music as a whole and even if there is some piracy, the music industry can make up for it with advertising to millions via digital technology.

How is Ethnicity represented in this extract from Hotel Babylon?

Ethnicity is represented in a number of ways using micro elements throughout this clip, firstly with sound.

Sound is used to represent the french maid, diegetic sound is used when the maid say ''He pays double, for double.'' This makes the french maid seem sexualised, which is one of the parts to Alvarado's theory. Consequently, this conforms to the stereotype of french women being easy.

Diegetic sound is used again in the conversation between the black males, when they use the words ''Blud'' and ''Bro.'' This use of colloquial terms suggests unity between the two and their community, this is another part to Alvarado's theory.

Ethnicity is also represented with cinematography, using the positioning of the Japanese man. He is placed in the centre of the shot so the audience is drawn to him, he is also wearing a dressing gown. The dressing gown is a costume, which is an example of mise en scene. This combination of cinematography and mise en scene make the japanese man seem sexualised, which is a racial stereotype.

Positioning is used when the Italian and Englishman are standing opposite eachother, the rule of thirds is applied to this scene. The two males heads are placed in the top left and top right or the screen, and the two of them opposite eachother is used to convey conflict. The Italian is also holding a meat cleaver, which makes him seem dangerous. Overall, this scene makes Italian men seem dangerous and in conflict with other races.

Representation of Age G322

Throughout the clip age is represented in a variety of different ways, firstly through 

cinematography.

The main person in the clip is made to look young, we see an over the shoulder shot, over the shoulder of the man looking at the older prison guard, this connotes that the older woman is authoritative, which is a stereotype of older people. This also makes the man seem vulnerable as he’s gone over to the guard, this is a negative stereotype of young people. We then have an extreme close up of his face where he looks worried, this suggests that he feels weak and insecure there, another stereotype of young people. The man then gets stopped by a bigger and older man, a mid-long shot is used and we can see the rule of thirds in use, the bigger man is on the right. This makes the main man seem small and reinforces the idea of him being vulnerable. Whilst the man talks to the listener the camera pans behind the bed focused on him, this connotes that he is important and makes him look wise, this is a positive stereotype of older people.

Sounds also help to represent age, the bigger man asks the main man ‘What you in for, eh?’ This is diegetic sound and seems to intimidate the main man,  making him once again seem vulnerable. Someone then tells him to say he ‘robbed a bank’, he believes this then goes and tells it to the listener who’s heard this kind of thing before. This makes the young man look naive, which is another stereotype of young people. Later in the clip a young police officer asks the older officer for help, this reinforces the stereotype of older people being wiser.